Advanced
Exploiting Empty String Parameters
Investigate security vulnerabilities arising from empty string inputs.
Analyze common security vulnerabilities that arise when web applications fail to properly validate empty string parameters in HTTP requests. Discuss scenarios such as authentication bypasses, SQL injection flaws where empty strings truncate queries, and access control issues that allow unauthorized actions by simply submitting a form field with no data. Provide mitigation strategies for robust input validation.
Advanced
Memory Footprint of Empty Strings
Explore optimization techniques for empty strings in language runtimes.
Explain the concept of string interning in managed runtime environments (such as the JVM or CLR) with a specific focus on the empty string literal. Discuss how these runtimes optimize memory usage by ensuring that all empty string references point to a single shared instance, and analyze the performance characteristics of comparing empty strings using reference equality versus value equality.
Advanced
JSON Schema Validation of Empty Strings
Design patterns for validating empty strings in JSON schemas.
Construct a complex JSON Schema that validates an object containing a string field which must be non-empty under certain conditions but allows empty strings under others. Discuss the interaction between the 'minLength', 'pattern', and 'enum' keywords when the value is an empty string, and explain how to write a schema that strictly rejects an empty string ('') while accepting whitespace-only strings.
Advanced
Edge Cases in Splitting by Empty Delimiters
Algorithmic analysis of string splitting with empty delimiters.
Design an algorithm to split a string using a delimiter that can be an empty string. Analyze the theoretical output of splitting a non-empty string S by an empty delimiter: should the result be an array of characters, an array of empty strings between every character, or an error? Discuss the implementation of this logic in languages like Python or Java and how to handle infinite edge cases.
Beginner
Hello World
Create a simple program to display a greeting message.
Write a program that prints the exact phrase 'Hello, World!' to the console.
Beginner
Sum of Two Numbers
Add two numbers together and display the result.
Write a program that takes two numbers as input, calculates their sum, and prints the result.
Beginner
Even or Odd
Determine if a given number is even or odd.
Write a program that accepts an integer and prints 'Even' if the number is divisible by 2, otherwise print 'Odd'.
Beginner
Reverse a String
Take a string input and output it in reverse order.
Write a program that accepts a text string and prints the characters of that string in reverse order.
Beginner
Temperature Converter
Convert a temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit.
Write a program that takes a temperature in Celsius as input, converts it to Fahrenheit using the formula (C * 9/5) + 32, and prints the result.
Beginner
Count Vowels
Count the number of vowels in a given string.
Write a program that accepts a string and counts how many vowels (a, e, i, o, u) are present in the text, printing the total count.
Beginner
Find Maximum Value
Identify the largest number in a list of numbers.
Write a program that accepts a list of numbers and prints the largest number found in that list.
Beginner
Simple Palindrome Check
Check if a word reads the same forwards and backwards.
Write a program that takes a word as input and prints 'True' if it is a palindrome and 'False' if it is not.
Beginner
Multiplication Table
Generate a multiplication table for a specific number.
Write a program that takes a number as input and prints the multiplication table for that number from 1 to 10.
Beginner
Word Counter
Count the number of words in a sentence.
Write a program that accepts a sentence string and prints the total number of words contained in that sentence.
Expert
The Three Guardians of Truth
A complex logic puzzle involving truth-tellers, liars, and random responders.
You encounter three guardians: A, B, and C. One always tells the truth, one always lies, and the third answers completely at random (true or false). You do not know which is which. You may ask two yes/no questions, each directed to a specific guardian of your choice. Determine the identity of each guardian (Truth-teller, Liar, Random) with absolute certainty. Outline your questions and the logical deduction process.