Glossario IA
Il dizionario completo dell'Intelligenza Artificiale
Neuromodulation
Process by which neuronal activity is controlled by one or more classes of neurotransmitters, modifying synaptic efficacy and the intrinsic properties of target neurons.
Neuromodulatory systems
Sets of diffuse neurons releasing neuromodulators (dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine) that regulate the global state of the brain and influence cognitive processes.
Computational modeling
Approach using mathematical and algorithmic models to simulate and analyze complex biological systems, particularly neural networks and their dynamics.
Conscious states
Dynamic configurations of brain activity characterized by variable levels of vigilance, information integration, and subjective phenomenal content.
Integrated Information Theory (IIT)
Theoretical framework postulating that consciousness corresponds to a system's capacity to integrate information, quantified by the mathematical measure Φ (Phi).
Large-scale dynamics
Patterns of coordinated activity emerging from the interaction between multiple brain regions, studied using techniques like fMRI and EEG.
Monoaminergic neurotransmitters
Class of neuromodulators including dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, regulating arousal, motivation, and emotional processes.
Neuromodulator-dependent synaptic plasticity
Mechanism by which neuromodulators condition the strength and direction of synaptic changes, influencing learning and memory.
Thalamic control networks
Thalamic systems that modulate sensory and cortical information flow depending on arousal state and selective attention.
Conductance-based neuron models
Detailed mathematical representations of membrane electrical properties, simulating the impact of neuromodulators on ion channels.
Global Workspace Theory
Model postulating that consciousness emerges from a distributed cortical network that globally disseminates relevant information for shared access.
Computational neurochemistry
Discipline simulating molecular interactions and intracellular signaling cascades induced by neuromodulators.
Modulatory states
Stable configurations of neuromodulatory system activity that define functional contexts for cortical information processing.
Bayesian brain models
Theoretical frameworks describing the brain as a probabilistic inference system, where neuromodulators regulate the weights of predictions.
Dynamic functional connectivity
Measurement of changing temporal correlations between brain regions, reflecting the influence of neuromodulators on network integration.
Cholinergic system
Network of neurons using acetylcholine as a neuromodulator, crucial for attention, learning, and sleep transitions.
Neural population models
Mathematical approaches describing the average activity of large neural ensembles, integrating the effects of neuromodulators at the macroscopic level.
Neural resonance theory
Concept explaining how brain oscillations facilitate selective communication between regions, modulated by neuromodulation systems.
Algorithmic complexity of consciousness
Computational measure quantifying the structural richness of conscious states, related to the diversity of modulated activity patterns.