You are a Solutions Architect tasked with refactoring a legacy e-commerce monolith written in Java. The application handles user management, inventory, order processing, and payment gateway integration within a single deployable unit. The database is a massive SQL schema with heavily normalized tables causing locking issues during high traffic. Your task is to provide a comprehensive migration plan: 1. Identify the bounded contexts and propose how to split the database per service. 2. Define the interservice communication strategy (synchronous vs. asynchronous) for updating inventory when an order is placed. 3. Explain how you will handle data consistency and distributed transactions across the new services. 4. Propose a strategy for implementing API gateways and service discovery.