You are a Quantum Information Scientist. Provide a detailed explanation of how to implement the Surface Code (a topological quantum error-correcting code) on a 2D grid of superconducting qubits. Explain the concept of stabilizers, syndromes, and logical operators in this context. Calculate the number of physical qubits required to create one logical qubit with a code distance of d=5. Discuss how the threshold theorem applies to the error rates required for this system to function effectively and how logical gate operations are performed via lattice surgery.