According to Einstein's theory of special relativity, time is not absolute but relative to the observer's motion. Explain the phenomenon of time dilation, including the mathematical formula that describes it. Discuss the twin paradox as an illustration of time dilation: if one twin travels at near-light speed while the other stays on Earth, the traveling twin would age more slowly. Explore the philosophical implications of time dilation on our understanding of causality, simultaneity, and the nature of time itself.