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Thuật ngữ AI

Từ điển đầy đủ về Trí tuệ nhân tạo

162
danh mục
2.032
danh mục con
23.060
thuật ngữ
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Ant Colony

Set of artificial agents simulating the collective behavior of real ants to solve combinatorial optimization problems. Each agent iteratively builds a solution by relying on collective information accumulated through pheromone trails.

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Local Heuristic

A priori information about the desirability of components for building a solution, independent of pheromones. This metric guides ants toward locally promising choices during solution construction.

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Global Update

Phase where pheromones are deposited on the best solutions found by all ants after a complete iteration. This reinforcement encourages exploration of promising regions in the search space.

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Local Update

Pheromone deposition or evaporation performed by each ant immediately after traversing a component. This action prevents all ants from converging toward the same path prematurely.

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Elite Ant

Additional virtual ant that reinforces only the best global solution discovered since the beginning of the algorithm. This mechanism accelerates convergence toward high-quality solutions.

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Tau Matrix

Data structure storing pheromone concentrations between all pairs of problem components. This matrix is dynamically updated and represents the collective memory of the colony.

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Eta Matrix

Matrix containing static heuristic values between problem components. This information remains constant during execution and guides ants toward locally optimal choices.

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Evaporation Rate Rho

Parameter controlling the decay speed of pheromones between 0 and 1. A high value favors rapid forgetting and exploration, while a low value preserves acquired information longer.

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Initialisation des Pheromones

Phase préparatoire où toutes les pistes de phéromones reçoivent une valeur initiale uniforme ou basée sur une heuristique. Cette étape influence la trajectoire initiale de l'algorithme et sa vitesse de convergence.

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Convergence de l'ACO

État où la majorité des fourmis suivent le même chemin optimal, indiquant que l'algorithme a stabilisé sa solution. La convergence est mesurée par l'entropie des distributions de probabilités de transition.

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Hybridation ACO

Combinaison de l'optimisation par colonie de fourmis avec d'autres métaheuristiques ou techniques d'optimisation locale. Cette approche vise à améliorer les performances en exploitant les forces complémentaires de chaque méthode.

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Fourmilière Parallèle

Architecture d'exécution où plusieurs colonies indépendantes fonctionnent simultanément avec périodiquement un échange d'informations. Cette parallélisation accélère la convergence et améliore la robustesse de la recherche.

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