Act as a Senior Software Architect. I have a legacy monolithic application built in Java using a relational database. It is experiencing scaling issues during peak traffic. Analyze the potential pitfalls of the current state and design a migration strategy to transition the application into a microservices architecture. Your response must include: 1) A list of services to extract, 2) A data consistency and migration strategy, 3) An inter-service communication protocol recommendation (synchronous vs asynchronous), and 4) Handling of authentication and authorization across services. Do not write code, provide architectural diagrams in text format (Mermaid or ASCII) and a detailed technical rationale.