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Distributed System Scaling

#system-design #architecture #scalability #engineering

Design a scalable architecture for a high-throughput, low-latency global messaging system.

Design the backend architecture for a global messaging application similar to WhatsApp, specifically focusing on handling 10 million concurrent connections with sub-100ms latency. Describe your choice of database schema (SQL vs NoSQL), your strategy for data sharding and replication across different continents, and your protocol choice (e.g., MQTT vs WebSockets) for message delivery. Explain how you handle message ordering guarantees in a distributed environment.