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Structural Causal Model

Mathematical framework combining directed acyclic graphs and structural equations to represent and analyze causal relationships between variables in a system.

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Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)

Graphical representation where nodes are variables and directed edges indicate direct causal influences, without cycles to ensure causal consistency.

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Pearl's Ladder of Causation

Three-level hierarchy of causal reasoning: association (correlation), intervention (manipulation), and counterfactual (imagination of alternative worlds).

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Causal Identification

Mathematical process determining whether a causal effect can be uniquely estimated from observational data and structural assumptions.

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Structural Equation Model (SEM)

Statistical framework using simultaneous equations to model causal relationships and errors between latent and observed variables.

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Intervention Distribution

Probability distribution resulting from an external intervention on the system, different from the observational distribution as it modifies structural relationships.

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Linear Causal Models

Class of structural models where each variable is a linear combination of its direct causes plus an independent error term.

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Causal Falsifiability

Ability of a causal model to generate testable and refutable predictions from structural assumptions, distinguishing science from speculation.

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Admissibilité (Admissibility)

Condition selon laquelle un ensemble de variables est suffisant pour ajuster l'estimation d'un effet causal sans introduire de biais de sélection.

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Graph Causal Bayesian Network

Réseau bayésien augmenté d'une interprétation causale où les arêtes représentent des mécanismes causaux plutôt que de simples dépendances probabilistes.

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Modèles de Réponse Potentielle

Framework alternatif modélisant les résultats potentiels pour chaque unité sous chaque traitement possible, fondement de l'inférence causale en statistiques.

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Causal Discovery

Ensemble d'algorithmes visant à inférer la structure causale (graphe et équations) à partir de données observationnelles ou expérimentales.

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