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Thuật ngữ AI

Từ điển đầy đủ về Trí tuệ nhân tạo

162
danh mục
2.032
danh mục con
23.060
thuật ngữ
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Structure from Motion (SfM)

3D reconstruction technique that extracts the three-dimensional structure of a scene from a sequence of 2D images taken from different viewpoints while simultaneously estimating the camera's motion parameters.

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Multi-View Stereo (MVS)

3D reconstruction approach that uses multiple images of a scene to estimate dense geometry by calculating depth for each pixel through correspondence between multiple views.

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Photogrammetry

The science and technique of measuring and interpreting photographs to determine the geometric properties of objects or scenes, widely used to create accurate 3D models from images.

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Point Cloud

A set of points in 3D space representing the surface of an object or a scene, typically generated by laser scanners or 3D reconstruction algorithms from images.

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3D Mesh

A geometric data structure composed of vertices, edges, and faces that defines the surface of a 3D object, often created from a point cloud through triangulation or other connection methods.

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Camera Calibration

The process of estimating a camera's intrinsic and extrinsic parameters to correct distortions and establish the precise relationship between 2D image coordinates and 3D real-world coordinates.

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Stereo Vision

A computer vision technique using two or more cameras to simulate human binocular vision, allowing for depth estimation by analyzing the disparity between captured images.

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Depth Map

An image where each pixel contains a value representing the distance between a point in the scene and the camera plane, essential for reconstructing the 3D geometry of a scene.

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Correspondance de points (Feature Matching)

Processus d'identification et d'appariement de points d'intérêt caractéristiques entre plusieurs images, crucial pour établir les contraintes géométriques nécessaires à la reconstruction 3D.

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Triangulation

Méthode mathématique qui détermine la position 3D d'un point en intersectant les rayons de projection provenant de deux ou plusieurs caméras calibrées observant ce même point.

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Bundle Adjustment

Algorithme d'optimisation qui ajuste simultanément les paramètres de la caméra et les coordonnées 3D des points de la scène pour minimiser l'erreur de reprojection entre les points observés et projetés.

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SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping)

Technique permettant à un système de construire une carte d'un environnement inconnu tout en localisant simultanément sa position au sein de cette carte, essentielle pour la navigation autonome et la reconstruction 3D en temps réel.

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Reconstruction basée sur les voxels

Approche de reconstruction 3D qui discrétise l'espace en une grille de voxels (volumes élémentaires) et détermine l'occupation de chaque voxel pour représenter la géométrie de la scène.

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Poisson Surface Reconstruction

Algorithme de reconstruction de surface à partir d'un nuage de points orientés qui résout une équation de Poisson pour générer un maillage 3D étanche et lisse représentant la surface de l'objet.

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Normal Map

Texture encodant les vecteurs normaux de surface dans l'espace tangent, utilisée pour simuler des détails géométriques complexes sur des maillages 3D à faible résolution sans augmenter la complexité géométrique.

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Texture Mapping

Processus d'application d'une image 2D sur la surface d'un modèle 3D pour ajouter des détails visuels, couleurs et motifs, en établissant une correspondance entre les coordonnées UV du maillage et les pixels de la texture.

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Occlusion handling

Set of techniques to handle parts of the scene that are masked or invisible in certain views, essential for complete and accurate 3D reconstruction by filling in missing information.

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NeRF (Neural Radiance Fields)

Innovative 3D reconstruction approach using a neural network to model a continuous radiance field, allowing to generate novel views and photorealistic 3D reconstructions from a limited set of images.

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